How To Grow Chrysanthemums In The UK
Chrysanthemums are vibrant and versatile garden plants that add colour to borders and containers in late summer and autumn. They are available in various shapes, sizes, and colours, ranging from rich fiery hues to bright or pastel shades.
Chrysanthemums are considered hardy, but it is recommended to protect them from frost. They can be grown from newly rooted cuttings or young plants in spring or purchased as established plants in early to mid-summer.
Chrysanthemums prefer a warm, sheltered, sunny location and are suitable for most soil types. Planting should be done in late spring after the last frost, and they require well-drained, fertile soil. Regular watering and feeding are necessary to ensure healthy growth. Disbudding and deadheading can help promote larger blooms and extend the overall display. In colder regions, it is advisable to lift and store the plants in a frost-free location during winter. Chrysanthemums can also be propagated through cuttings taken in spring.
Key Takeaways
- Chrysanthemums are vibrant and versatile garden plants that add colour to late summer and autumn displays.
- They can be grown from newly rooted cuttings or young plants in spring, or purchased as established plants in early to mid-summer.
- Chrysanthemums prefer a warm, sheltered, sunny location and well-drained, fertile soil.
- Regular watering, feeding, and maintenance are necessary for healthy growth and blooming.
- Chrysanthemums can be propagated through cuttings taken in spring or by dividing clumps.
Types of Chrysanthemums for UK Gardens
When it comes to chrysanthemums, there is a wide variety of options available for UK gardens. In this guide, we will focus on ‘early’ or ‘hardy’ garden chrysanthemums, which are not only widely available but also easy to grow and maintain. These varieties are known for their ability to produce abundant blooms outdoors in late summer and autumn, making them a popular choice among gardeners.
Although these chrysanthemums are considered hardy, it is still recommended to protect them from frost. However, with the right care, they can thrive and add a burst of color to your garden. Chrysanthemum flowers come in various shapes, including single or double daisies, and they are available in a wide range of colors. From rich fiery hues to bright or pastel shades, there is something to suit every taste and garden style.
One popular type of chrysanthemum is the ‘spray’ variety. These chrysanthemums produce clusters of flowers in large sprays, creating a stunning visual impact. They are a great choice if you want to make a statement in your garden or create beautiful floral arrangements.
When selecting chrysanthemums for your UK garden, it is important to choose varieties that are suitable for the local climate and will thrive in the specific growing conditions. By selecting the right chrysanthemum varieties, you can ensure a successful and vibrant display in your garden.
| Chrysanthemum Variety | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Single Daisy | Single petal flowers, available in a variety of colors. |
| Double Daisy | Double petal flowers, creating a fuller appearance. |
| Spray | Clusters of flowers in large sprays, making a bold impact. |
| Bi-colour | Flowers with two or more colors, adding visual interest. |
As you can see, there are numerous chrysanthemum varieties to choose from, each offering its own unique charm. Whether you prefer the simplicity of single daisies or the boldness of spray chrysanthemums, there is a chrysanthemum variety that’s perfect for your UK garden.
How To Buy and Plant Chrysanthemums
If you’re ready to add the beauty of chrysanthemums to your garden, it’s time to learn how to buy and plant these vibrant flowers. Here are some essential tips to help you get started:
1. How and What to Buy
When purchasing chrysanthemums, you have a few options. You can buy them as newly rooted cuttings or young plants in spring, or as established plants in late summer and early autumn. Consider the size and stage of growth when making your selection.
2. Where to Plant
Chrysanthemums thrive in a warm, sheltered, and sunny location. Whether you choose to plant them in borders or containers, ensure that they receive ample sunlight throughout the day. They also prefer well-drained soil, so make sure the planting area has good drainage.
3. When to Plant
The best time to plant chrysanthemums in the UK is in late spring, after the last frost. This allows the plants to establish themselves before the heat of summer. Planting at this time ensures that the chrysanthemums have a strong foundation for healthy growth and abundant blooms.
4. How to Plant
Follow these steps to properly plant your chrysanthemums:
- Prepare the soil by removing any weeds and loosening it with a garden fork.
- Dig a hole that is slightly larger than the root ball of your chrysanthemum plant.
- Place the plant in the hole, ensuring that the soil level is the same as the surrounding ground.
- Backfill the hole with soil, firming it gently around the plant.
- Water the plant thoroughly after planting to settle the soil and encourage root establishment.
- Space your chrysanthemums 30-45cm apart to allow for optimal growth.
- You may need to stake taller chrysanthemum varieties to support their height.
When planting chrysanthemums in containers, use John Innes No 2 compost and choose a container with a diameter of at least 30cm.
5. Summary
By purchasing the right chrysanthemums and planting them in the ideal location, you can enjoy a stunning display of colorful blooms. Remember to consider the size and stage of growth when buying chrysanthemums, choose a warm and sunny spot for planting, and ensure the soil is well-drained. Follow the planting steps mentioned above for successful establishment and growth. With these tips, you’ll be well on your way to creating a beautiful chrysanthemum garden.
Care and Maintenance of Chrysanthemums in the UK
Proper care and maintenance are essential for the health and longevity of chrysanthemums in the UK. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your chrysanthemums thrive and produce abundant blooms throughout the growing season.
Watering
Chrysanthemums require regular watering to keep their soil or compost consistently moist. Be careful not to let the soil dry out completely, as this can cause stress to the plants. However, overwatering should be avoided, as chrysanthemums dislike waterlogged conditions.
Feeding
Feeding your chrysanthemums is crucial for their growth and development. Apply a general fertilizer in late April to provide essential nutrients to the plants. Additionally, a nitrogen-rich feed in June can further boost their growth. During the flowering stage, consider using a high-potassium feed, such as tomato fertilizer, on a weekly basis to maximize the display of vibrant blooms.
Mulching
Applying a thick layer of mulch around your chrysanthemums after planting can benefit them in several ways. Mulch helps to retain moisture in the soil, preventing it from drying out too quickly. It also acts as a barrier, suppressing weed growth and reducing the need for frequent weeding.
Disbudding
Disbudding is a technique where you remove certain flower buds to promote larger blooms or well-balanced clusters. This process is particularly useful if you plan to use the chrysanthemums for cut flowers or exhibition. By selectively removing buds, you can direct the plant’s energy towards developing fewer but more impressive blooms.
Deadheading
Regular deadheading is important to maintain the overall display of your chrysanthemums and encourage the formation of new buds. By removing spent flowers, you prevent the plant from diverting energy into seed production and instead focus its resources on producing more blooms. Deadheading also keeps the plants looking neat and tidy.
Overwintering
In colder regions of the UK, it may be necessary to take extra precautions to protect your chrysanthemums during winter. Before the first frost arrives, cut back the stems of the plants to a few inches above the ground. Carefully lift the plants and place them in a shallow tray filled with slightly damp compost. Store the tray in a frost-free location, such as a garage or greenhouse, until the following spring when it is safe to replant them in the garden.
By following these care and maintenance practices, you can ensure that your chrysanthemums remain healthy, vibrant, and full of blooms throughout the growing season.
| Chrysanthemum Care Tips | Key Points |
|---|---|
| Watering | Regularly water to keep soil moist, avoid overwatering |
| Feeding | Apply general fertilizer in late April, nitrogen-rich feed in June, and high-potassium feed during flowering |
| Mulching | Apply a thick layer of mulch after planting to retain moisture and suppress weeds |
| Disbudding | Remove flower buds to promote larger blooms or well-balanced clusters |
| Deadheading | Regularly remove spent flowers to maintain the overall display and encourage new bud formation |
| Overwintering | In colder regions, cut back stems and store plants in a frost-free location during winter |
Propagation of Chrysanthemums in the UK
You can propagate chrysanthemums in the UK using various methods, including taking cuttings, growing from seed, and dividing clumps. Each method has its own benefits and considerations, allowing you to choose the most suitable approach for your preferences and gardening circumstances.
Taking Cuttings
Taking cuttings is the easiest way to propagate chrysanthemums and is typically done in spring when new shoots are vigorous. These basal softwood cuttings root quickly and reliably. Here’s how you can do it:
- Prepare pots filled with a mix of peat-free multipurpose compost and horticultural grit or perlite.
- Take 7-10cm (3-4in) cuttings from healthy chrysanthemum plants, ensuring each cutting has at least two or three sets of leaves.
- Remove the lower leaves and insert the cuttings into the pots.
- Cover the pots with a propagator lid or place them in a clear plastic bag to create a humid environment.
- Put the pots in a bright and light location, avoiding direct sunlight.
- Keep the compost moist and mist the cuttings regularly to maintain high humidity.
- Within a few weeks, the cuttings should start rooting. You can transplant them to individual pots once they have developed a strong root system.
Growing from Seed
Growing chrysanthemums from seed is another option, but it requires more time and patience. However, it allows you to explore a wider range of chrysanthemum varieties. Follow these steps to grow chrysanthemums from seed:
- Sow chrysanthemum seeds in trays or pots filled with seed compost.
- Lightly cover the seeds with a thin layer of compost.
- Place the trays or pots in a propagator or cover them with a plastic bag to create a moist environment.
- Keep the compost slightly moist throughout the germination period, which can take up to two weeks.
- Once the seedlings have grown several sets of true leaves, transplant them into individual pots.
- Continue growing the seedlings in pots until they are strong enough to be planted outdoors.
- Transplant the seedlings into the garden in late spring or early summer, after the last frost.
Dividing Clumps
Dividing clumps is a viable method of propagating chrysanthemums and is typically done in early spring. Here’s how you can divide clumps:
- Dig up a mature chrysanthemum plant, taking care not to damage the root system.
- Gently separate the clump into several smaller sections, ensuring each division has roots and shoots.
- Pot each division individually or plant them directly into the garden.
- Water the divisions thoroughly after planting to help them establish.
Propagation of chrysanthemums provides an opportunity to expand your chrysanthemum collection and enhance your garden displays. Whether you choose to take cuttings, grow from seed, or divide clumps, each method offers a rewarding experience and the potential for successful chrysanthemum cultivation.
For a visual representation of the propagation methods, refer to the table below:
| Taking Cuttings | Growing from Seed | Dividing Clumps |
|---|---|---|
 |
Common Problems and Pests for Chrysanthemums in the UK
Chrysanthemums in the UK can encounter several common problems and pests that can affect their health and appearance. Understanding and recognizing these issues is crucial for maintaining the vitality of your chrysanthemums.
Fungal Diseases
Fungal diseases, such as white rust and brown rust, are common problems for chrysanthemums. These diseases primarily affect the leaves, causing discoloration, spots, and blemishes. White rust and brown rust are more likely to appear in wet and humid conditions, so ensuring proper ventilation and spacing between plants is essential to prevent their spread.
Bacterial Leaf Spot
Bacterial leaf spot is another issue that chrysanthemums may face. It causes the leaves to develop blotches and turn brown. This disease is usually spread through splashing water, so avoiding overhead irrigation and providing adequate spacing between plants can help minimize its impact.
Pest Infestations
Aphids and red spider mites are common pests that can wreak havoc on chrysanthemums. Aphids feed on the sap of the plant, causing stunted growth and deformed leaves, while red spider mites create small webs and feed on the underside of leaves, leading to yellowing and wilting. Regular monitoring of your chrysanthemums and promptly addressing any infestations are crucial for managing these pests.
Virus Spread by Thrips
Virus spread by thrips used to be a rare problem for chrysanthemums in the UK but has been effectively eradicated. These tiny insects can transmit viruses, causing various symptoms such as yellowing, stunted growth, and distorted flowers. Good hygiene practices, such as removing infected leaves and providing proper ventilation, can help prevent and manage this issue.
By being proactive and taking steps to prevent and address these problems and pests, you can ensure the health and vigor of your chrysanthemums in the UK.
Conclusion
Growing chrysanthemums in the UK can be a rewarding experience, as these vibrant and versatile garden plants add color and beauty to late summer and autumn displays. By following the proper techniques for planting, care, and maintenance, chrysanthemums can thrive and produce abundant blooms. Whether grown in borders or containers, these hardy plants can create stunning garden displays and provide a source of cut flowers.
With a variety of types, colors, and shapes available, chrysanthemums offer endless possibilities for UK gardeners. By understanding the specific needs and requirements of these plants, gardeners can enjoy successful chrysanthemum cultivation in the UK. From rich fiery hues to bright or pastel shades, chrysanthemums can be the star of your late-season garden.
So, grab your gardening tools and get ready to add a burst of color to your outdoor space. With proper care and attention, your chrysanthemums will reward you with a stunning display of blooms that will bring joy and beauty to your garden. Start planning your chrysanthemum garden today and see the magic unfold!
FAQ
How do I grow chrysanthemums in the UK?
Chrysanthemums can be grown in the UK by planting them in late spring after the last frost. Choose a warm, sheltered, sunny location with well-drained soil. Regular watering, feeding, and proper care are necessary for healthy growth. In colder regions, it is advisable to lift and store the plants during winter.
What types of chrysanthemums are suitable for UK gardens?
‘Early’ or ‘hardy’ garden chrysanthemums are suitable for UK gardens. These varieties are easy to grow, produce abundant blooms, and are considered hardy. They come in various shapes, sizes, and colors, adding vibrant color to late summer and autumn displays.
How and where can I buy chrysanthemums for my UK garden?
Chrysanthemums can be purchased as newly rooted cuttings, young plants, or established plants. Cuttings and young plants can be bought in spring, while established plants are available in late summer and early autumn. Consider the size and stage of growth when buying chrysanthemums. They can be bought from garden centers, nurseries, or online suppliers.
Where should I plant chrysanthemums in my UK garden?
Chrysanthemums should be planted in a warm, sheltered, sunny location in borders or containers. They prefer well-drained soil and can be planted in a dedicated cut-flower border. When planting in containers, use John Innes No 2 compost and a container with a diameter of at least 30cm.
When is the best time to plant chrysanthemums in the UK?
The best time to plant chrysanthemums in the UK is in late spring after the last frost. This is typically in May or June, depending on the specific region. Planting at this time allows the plants to establish and flower in late summer and autumn.
How do I care for chrysanthemums in the UK?
Proper care includes regular watering throughout the growing season, avoiding overwatering or waterlogged conditions. Feeding with a general fertilizer in late April and a nitrogen-rich feed in June can boost growth. Applying mulch after planting helps retain moisture. Disbudding and deadheading can promote larger blooms and maintain the overall display. In colder regions, it may be necessary to lift and store the plants during winter.
How can I propagate chrysanthemums in the UK?
Chrysanthemums can be propagated in the UK through various methods, such as taking cuttings, growing from seed, or dividing clumps. The easiest method is taking cuttings in spring, using basal softwood shoots. Growing from seed requires more time and patience. Dividing clumps can be done in early spring.
What are common problems and pests for chrysanthemums in the UK?
Common problems include fungal diseases like white rust and brown rust. Bacterial leaf spot can also affect the leaves. Common pests include aphids and red spider mites. Virus spread by thrips is a rare problem that has been eradicated. Proper hygiene and cultural practices can help prevent and manage these issues.